- Pitch: Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of a tone
- Melody: It is a sequence of pitches that create a recognizable tune.
- Harmony: Involves the combination of different pitches played simultaneously, creating chords.
- Rythm: the arrangement of sounds and silences in time, provides the pulse and groove of the song.
- timbre: the unique sound quality of an instrument or voice, contributing significantly to the song's atmosphere.
- Structure: the structure of a song, including its form and arrangement, on how the elements are presented
- Silence: Silence can be used to create anticipation, emphasize certain moments, and pauses within a song.